Hornets
Hornets are the largest social wasps, with the European hornet being the only true hornet established in North America and the bald-faced hornet being a large yellowjacket species commonly called a hornet. European hornets are brown and yellow, active at night, and build nests in hollow trees and wall voids. Bald-faced hornets are black and white and build large, football-shaped paper nests in trees and on structures. Both species are highly defensive of their nests and can mobilize dozens of workers to attack perceived threats.
Species in This Group (2)
Bald-Faced Hornet
Dolichovespula maculata
The Bald-Faced Hornet is a large, conspicuous wasp that builds impressive enclosed paper nests that can grow to the size of a basketball.
European Hornet
Vespa crabro
The European Hornet is the only true hornet (genus Vespa) established in North America.
Key Behaviors
European hornets are unusual among social wasps in being attracted to lights at night, frequently entering homes through open windows and doors on summer evenings. Bald-faced hornets build their distinctive large aerial nests that are visible from a distance. Both species are predatory, feeding on other insects. Nest defense is vigorous, with workers capable of pursuing threats for significant distances from the nest.
Risks & Concerns
Hornet stings are more painful than most wasp or bee stings due to higher venom volume. Nest disturbance triggers aggressive mass stinging responses. European hornets can damage fruit trees and strip bark from ornamental shrubs. Bald-faced hornet nests in high-traffic areas such as playgrounds, patios, and building entries create serious sting hazards. Removal of active nests should be performed by professionals.
Quick Comparison
| Species | Size | Color | Key Trait |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bald-Faced Hornet | 15-20 mm | Black with white (ivory) facial markings and white-tipped abdomen | Large black-and-white body; builds large, enclosed, football-shaped paper nests in trees and on structures. |
| European Hornet | 25-35 mm | Brown and yellow with reddish-orange head and thorax | The only true hornet in North America; large size; active at night and attracted to lights. |
Need Help With Hornets?
If you're seeing signs of hornets in or around your home, professional treatment is the fastest way to stop the problem. Lotus Pest Control offers free inspections to identify the issue and recommend the right solution.